GENOTYPING OF SOME SAMPLE SPECIES CAMPONOTUS XERXES ANTS COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF IRAQ USING DNA SEQUENCING TECHNIQUE

The objective of the current research is to detect genetic variation and the rate of variations occurring in the genes of individuals of ants of the Camponotint xerxes species through (7) samples collected from different regions of Iraq (Erbil 1, Erbil 2, Kirkuk 3, Kirkuk 4, Sulaymaniyah 5, Sulaymaniyah 6, Salah al-Din 7).A function point for each sample and a distance of 100 km between one sample and another.Samples were collected from the seven sites by a number of ants in special bags.They were transported to the laboratory, the DNA was isolated from them, PCR reactions were performed and sequencing alignment was achieved, and statistical analysis was conducted.The results showed that all samples belong to the species Camponotint xerxes.In Erbil Governorate, they showed variation in the number and types of different genetic mutations, and the genetic match rate was 90% and 92%, respectively.Samples (3 and 4) from the north and south of Kirkuk Governorate had changes in the sequence of nitrogenous bases between purines and pyrimidines, the sequencing hybridization percent was 93%, whereas molecular, mismatching between samples 5 and 6 was 5-7 %, respectively.Finally, sample (7) was taken from the south of Saladin Governorate showed a genetic match rate of 95% after sequence alignment verification.We concluded from this research that there is high genetic variation in the ant genome.This is due to the high influence of environmental adaptation, in addition ant to life cycle stages and it requirements that enhance biodiversity during the different seasons of year.