MORPHOLOGICAL, ANATOMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENT OF FICUS RELIGIOSA L.

In this research, the Ficus religiosa plant was studied in the terms of morphological features, and microscopic characteristics of leaf and petiol of the plant, and the chemical components of the plant were studied.Ficus religiosa is a big plant deciduous, or be semi-overgreen it is length 30 m. with diameter of stem up to 1 m., in India it is called a sacred plant.Ficus religiosa is large glabrous tree belonging to moraceae family.Shape of leaves is ovate rotund the apex caudate-acuminate, stipules are small.Flowers are unisexual but all types are found in the same syconium, paired axillary inflorescences are syconia (installation of this plant), the fruits are small figs 0.5-1.5 cm in diameter, green to purple in color when mature, are found singly or clustered.In cross section of leaves epidermis consist of oval -shaped cells, with single layer, the mesophyll from 2 rows of palisade cells, the spongy layer 3-4 rows of ordinary paranchyma cells, cuticle of midrib is thin, upper epidermis with two rows of rosary cells, collenchymal cells forming of 4-5 layers of simple parenchyma, vascular bundles arranged freely forming an incomplete ring, several phloem plates with connective tissue in central portion, surrounded with xylem it consist of 7-8 rows, followed by wood fibers interspersed with wood rays, lower epidermis was as same as upper, petiole epidermis was 2-3 layers of small-size and mostly circularly shaped cells covered by curvy cuticle layer, below epidermis the cortical region of multilayered hypodermis consisting of several compact layers of oval collenchyma cells and contains 8 vascular bundles are shaped like crowns connected to the phloem and xylem, between them are rays and xylem tubes xylem vessels arranged in rows, in radial multiple of 6-11, the pith region which consist of oval parenchymatous cells, The epidermis of stem is multiple, with 2-3 layers, the bark consists of a continuous layer of 4 to 5 rows of isodiametric to slightly elongated, straight to wavy, thick-walled lignified polygonal sclerites, then there are several closely packed layers of collenchyma with no interspace.The bundle sheath surrounding the vascular cylinder, continuous cylinders of phloem and xylem, both crossed by xylem rays and tubes.The phloem consists of sieve elements, the xylem is completely lignified and consists