Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever among students at Jami university, Herat, Afghanistan

Background: CCHF is a severe tick-borne viral disease with a high fatality rate, endemic in 50 countries. In Afghanistan, particularly in Herat, CCHF poses a significant public health challenge, with 1,537 suspected cases and limited awareness among high-risk populations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jami University in Herat, Afghanistan, from August to October 2024. Using stratified random sampling, 350 students were surveyed through a self-administered questionnaire. The study assessed students' KAP regarding CCHF, with questions covering transmission, symptoms, prevention, and personal risk perception. Results: Only 23.1% recognized it as transmissible, and 39.4% knew it was viral, while 63.4% identified tick bites as a transmission route, but only 29.7% were aware of transmission through animal meat or secretions. Attitudes showed that 94.6% considered CCHF dangerous, and 73.4% felt personally at risk. In terms of practices, 79.7% consistently sought healthcare advice, yet only 41.4% always avoided contact with infected animal blood or meat. Medical students displayed significantly better knowledge (36.1%), and more positive attitudes (46.2%) compared to non-medical students. Conclusion: The study highlighted substantial gaps in CCHF awareness among university students, with variations between medical and non-medical students. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational interventions, practical preventive training, and addressing psychosocial barriers to improve disease prevention strategies.