Numerical and experimental analysis on titanium aluminide and yttria stabilized zirconia coated piston on gulmohar biodiesel/diesel blend: An RSM approach

The primary objectives of research worldwide are the mitigation of emissions and the improvement of heat energy efficacy in internal combustion engines. In this research, undergoing a plasma spray technique, the pistons is coated with a compound of titanium aluminide and yttria stabilized zirconia in equal quantities. The experimental work carried out with pistons on coating thickness of 100 μm, 200 μm, and non-coated under various load conditions. The effects of the gulmohar biodiesel blend and diesel as fuel were evaluated by comparing the test outcomes for both coated and non-coated pistons. The experimental research demonstrated that the diesel and biodiesel blend B20 correlates with an estimated 7.1% and 11.5% rise in thermal efficiency (BTE) at 200 μm coating thickness. Conversely, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases by around 4.12% and 3.13% at 200 μm, respectively. The experimental results showed that the parameters for HC, CO, and smoke emissions decreased upto 7%, 13%, 3% as the 200 μm thickness of the piston coating than conventional piston. NO x emission of the coated pistons were slightly increase (2.3%) of test fuels at maximum load conditions. The optimal parameters to enhance the performance of a CI engine, a CCD model will be created using Response Surface Methodology. Based on numerical and experimental results, coated piston with a thickness of 200 microns demonstrated superior performance parameters and reduced emissions compared to other test pistons in engine.