Exploring the chemistry of coastal plant <i>Achillea maritima</i>: Clues to its antioxidant potential

Abstract In this study, we investigated the potential applications of Achillea maritima by analyzing its chemical composition and biological activities. Fresh above ground parts of A. maritima were collected and processed to obtain an extract. Phytochemical analysis revealed high levels of total phenolic content (234.44 ± 6.05 mg GAE/g extract DW) and total flavonoid content (74.14 ± 4.59 mg QE/g extract DW). The antioxidant potential was assessed using DPPH free radical scavenging assay, with an IC 50 value of 0.32 ± 0.01 mg/mL, and iron‐chelating ability, with an IC 50 value of 5.64 ± 0.33 mg/mL. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis identified polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids as predominant constituents, with bis (methyl sulfonyl) methane being the major contributor to antioxidant properties. Additionally, three trace compounds were discovered for the first time in plants. Overall, A. maritima extract exhibited significant antioxidant potential, supported by its rich phenolic and flavonoid content, suggesting its potential value in pharmaceutical and other industries. These findings provide a basis for further exploration of A. maritima ’s diverse applications.