Exploring the ethnomedicinal knowledge, phytosociology and carbon sequestration potential of tree diversity in Remuna block, Balasore, Odisha

Global climate change, habitat degradation, and biodiversity loss present urgent challenges, necessitating a better understanding of the relationship between tree diversity, ecosystem function, and human well-being. This study examined tree species diversity in a tropical moist deciduous forest of Remuna Block, Balasore district, Odisha, India, focusing on phyto-sociological attributes, biomass and carbon stock dynamics, and macronutrient distribution. Ethnomedicinal uses of dominant species by local communities were also documented. A total of 30 sample plots (20 × 20 m each) recorded 422 individual trees across 39 species, 33 genera, and 17 families. Fabaceae was the most species-rich family (11 species), and Shorea robusta emerged as the most dominant species with the highest Important Value Index (IVI = 61.48), biomass (6508.32 tons), and carbon stock (3254.16 tons). Ficus benghalensis and Ficus religiosa were also notable biomass contributors, while Syzygium cumini showed the lowest values. Biomass estimation and nutrient analysis revealed that calcium was the most abundant nutrient in Shorea robusta, followed by nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Ethnobotanical surveys indicated widespread use of tree species in traditional medicine, with leaves being the most commonly used part (43%) for treating ailments such as fever, diabetes, skin conditions, and snake bites. The study provides essential data on forest structure, ecosystem services, and the cultural value of plant species, offering a scientific basis for local biodiversity conservation and the sustainable use of traditional ecological knowledge.