Evaluation of heritage preservation in ethnic villages through a sustainable tourist offer utilizing multi-criteria analysis methods

Ethnic villages are examples of tourism products based on historical representations of the region. Within these villages, tourists participate in various customs and traditions, gaining insights into the heritage of local communities. As heritage should be the basis for improving rural tourism, this research was conducted to investigate the extent to which ethnic villages safeguard their heritage. The examination of cultural heritage was carried out by experts who evaluated the importance of the criteria for assessing heritage and the application of cultural heritage in these ethnic villages. A fuzzy approach was used to assess the criteria and ethnic villages using fuzzy Logarithm Methodology of Additive Weights (LMWA) and fuzzy Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS). The sampling process included an initial pool of 28 ethnic villages identified through various associations and agencies. The villages included in this research were chosen by randomly selecting eight villages using a random number generator. Through collaboration with experts and thorough literature research, 12 criteria were established for evaluating heritage use degree in these villages. Results highlighted tourist participation as the most significant criterion, with the Lubac Valley ethnic village demonstrating superior performance. As this research has shown, applying heritage in tourism provides a unique experience, which is the base for developing rural tourism, and the Lubac Valley could serve as an example to other ethnic villages on building a tourist offer based on heritage. In addition, this research contributes to understanding the current landscape and strengthening the promotion of heritage in ethnic villages by developing a sustainable tourist offer.