Performance Analysis V2G Technology in Electric Vehicles

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has paved the way for innovative energy management solutions, particularly through bi-directional energy transfer systems. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) technologies enable EVs to not only consume energy from the grid but also supply energy back to it, creating a dynamic interaction between EVs and the power grid. This bi-directional capability holds significant potential for enhancing grid stability, supporting renewable energy integration, and providing economic benefits to EV owners. However, the implementation of such systems requires robust design, efficient control strategies, and thorough analysis to ensure optimal performance and reliability. This study addresses these challenges by proposing a bi-directional battery system for EVs, designed and simulated using MATLAB Simulink, to evaluate its performance in both V2G and G2V modes. The proposed system integrates a lithium-ion battery pack, a bi-directional DC-AC converter, and a control system to manage energy transfer between the EV battery and the power grid. The MATLAB Simulink model includes detailed components such as the battery block with SOC estimation, the bi-directional converter, and a three-phase grid interface. Simulation results demonstrate that the system achieves an energy transfer efficiency of 92% in both V2G and G2V modes, effectively maintains the battery SOC within the 20%-80% range, and ensures stable grid synchronization under varying load conditions. The findings highlight the system's potential to support grid stability and renewable energy integration while addressing challenges such as battery degradation and grid infrastructure requirements.