Predictive factors associated with virological failure among adult patients living with HIV on first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southeast Oromia, Ethiopia: a case–control study

The study has identified several key factors, including education level, marital status, duration of HAART, younger age, current BMI, adherence to treatment, scheduled healthcare visits, history of co-trimoxazole preventive therapy use and baseline CD4 count, as significant determinants of virological failure within the studied population. The study's identification of determinants of virological failure among people living with HIV is crucial for decreasing the prevalence of virological failure and improving the health of people living with HIV. Therefore, targeted counselling and support can play a crucial role in enhancing patient understanding, motivation and engagement with their treatment, ultimately contributing to improved virological suppression and overall health.