Shaping the future of facility management. Market and literature insights on digital twin adoption

Purpose This study aims to investigate the readiness of facility management (FM) to digitalize the construction sector by adopting digital technologies, especially the digital twin (DT). After the analysis of the literature, the study investigates opportunities and challenges recognized by the market. Design/methodology/approach To collect market perceptions of digital uptake in FM, the participatory action research (PAR) methodology is adopted as a collaborative research approach that involves researchers and participants working together to identify a problem, collect and analyze data and take action to create meaningful change. PAR is iteratively applied in three phases. First, a comparison approach analyses three literature and two case studies. Second, a questionnaire survey retrieves insights from the market. Finally, interviews to FM operators are conducted to discuss the outcomes of the previous two phases. Findings Survey results and case studies comparison highlight growing interest in DT but a gap in its implementation. DT has the potential to transform FM by enhancing efficiency, predictive maintenance, energy optimization and lifecycle management. However, adoption is hindered by high costs, integration challenges and the need for specialized training. Case studies emphasize the importance of data-driven decision-making and clear client objectives. While Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and Big Data are key enablers, issues like data processing and interoperability remain. Overcoming these barriers will require standardization, cost reduction and workforce upskilling, making strategic investment in digital transformation crucial for long-term sustainability. Originality/value This paper elaborates a comprehensive assessment of FM readiness for digital transformation through the adoption of DT. By combining literature analysis, case studies comparison, surveys and interviews, the study provides a relevant perspective on the opportunities and challenges associated with DT implementation, bridging the gap between academic research and market operations.