Energy Management of Cooperative Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Microgrids Considering User Comfort

The imbalance due to increasing energy demand and the depletion of energy resources leads to an unstable power system. In conventional microgrids, the surplus heat of micro-turbines is wasted as electrical energy is used for various loads. Demand-side management scheduling the shiftable appliances based on cost-per-unit, overlooking consumer preferences and comfort. To address these challenges, a unified framework for managing and trading energy within renewable integrated combined cooling heating and power microgrids is proposed. Within this framework, each combined cooling heating and power microgrid initially employs demand-side management to fulfill its energy requirements while adhering to different constraints. If the load demands of any combined cooling heating and power microgrid are not fulfilled by its local renewable energy generation, then energy can be procured from nearby connected combined cooling heating and power microgrids or from the utility. Conversely, excess energy can be sold out to nearby combined cooling heating and power microgrids or to the utility. Additionally, in emergency situations, diesel generators can supplement the energy needs of any microgrids. Simulation results demonstrate 34.01% and 32.98% reductions in system costs and peak power demand while considering user preferences and comfort. Reducing the peak power demand will improve the system’s performance and efficiency.