Design of intelligent sensor real-time monitoring system for partial discharge in switchgear

The increasing complexity and intelligence of power systems have raised higher standards for switchgear monitoring. Partial discharge(PD) is a critical factor affecting the insulating performance and grid stability of switchgear. To overcome the limitations of existing PD detection technologies, such as isolation, dispersion, and low efficiency, this study designed a real-time monitoring system integrated with multiple sensors. Centered around a microprocessor, the system integrates various sensors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet light, ultrasonic, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide sensors, covering an ultrasonic flat frequency response from 20kHz to 80kHz, with a minimum gas detection sensitivity of 0.01ppm. By combining various monitoring parameters, the system provides comprehensive monitoring of the internal state of the switchgear. The system also integrates MEMS sensor technology with the LoRa wireless communication protocol, ensuring low power consumption, high-density integration, and strong compatibility. Functionality, realibility and networking tests have verified that the sensors in this system can work collaboratively, transmit data in real-time, and accurately capture discharge events, while maintaining stability and the reliability of data transmission during the parallel operation of multiple devices. This provides robust support for the long-term stable operation of smart grids.