FACTORS OF PENETRATION OF INTERNATIONAL WORDS INTO THE LEXICAL COMPOSITION OF THE RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

This article examines the nature of language as a living and dynamic system, developing in close connection with the culture and mentality of the people who speak it. The primary focus is on the process of word borrowing, which is a natural phenomenon for any language, arising as a result of contacts between peoples. It is emphasized that borrowings can enrich the vocabulary of a language, diversify it, and introduce new meanings into synonymic sets. The article also discusses the principles for determining the borrowed layer in a language, the functions of borrowed words, such as communicative, comparative, evaluative, and cognitive. The importance of analyzing the reasons and factors that contribute to borrowing, as well as its role in the development of language and society, is highlighted as an essential aspect of linguistic research. Keywords: Borrowing, Vocabulary, Mentality, Synonymy, Culture