Nonlinear dynamics and pyroelectric energy recovery in automotive ABS braking systems

This study aims to investigate the braking process in automotive Anti-lock Braking Systems, with a particular focus on the relationship between brake disk temperature variation and pyroelectric energy recovery. We developed a detailed numerical simulation model that considers the wheel dynamics, thermal behavior of the brake disk, and the energy generation mechanism of pyroelectric materials. The model is based on the Pacejka “Magic Formula” and incorporates nonlinear factors in slip ratio, ground braking force, brake disk temperature variation, and pyroelectric voltage generation, simulating the braking process at different vehicle speeds. Through simulation analysis, we demonstrate the dynamic changes in brake disk temperature and pyroelectric energy under various speeds, and we explore the impact of vehicle speed on energy recovery efficiency. The results show that as the vehicle speed increases from 25 to 35 m/s, the amount of pyroelectric energy recovered increases from 0.0021 to 0.0061 J, while the brake disk temperature rises from 181.56 to 359.58 °C. This indicates that at higher vehicle speeds, the rapid increase in brake disk temperature enhances the energy conversion efficiency of pyroelectric materials. By introducing nonlinear parameter adjustments, our model more accurately describes the dynamic behavior and energy recovery characteristics during the braking process, particularly at high speeds and extreme conditions. The findings of this study suggest that pyroelectric energy recovery systems have significant potential in the field of automotive braking energy recovery, with energy recovery efficiency notably improving as vehicle speed increases. These insights provide strong theoretical support and experimental evidence for the future design of vehicle energy recovery systems and highlight the direction for system optimization, such as the further improvement of brake disk material properties and energy recovery devices.