The state of the Russian fuel and energy complex and development paths in the context of the fourth energy transition

Global electricity production is increasing as a result of population growth, technological development and the demand for electricity by people and industry in the context of the energy crisis. Accelerated electrification has become the main energy transition trend in the final use of energy resources. In response to the climate challenges of the green agenda, the global energy industry has embarked on the fourth energy transition, focusing on prioritizing renewable energy generation. The countries of the world are faced with the most urgent tasks: accumulation and reservation of generated energy for further distribution, and balanced planning of the location of energy generation facilities, taking into account territorial features, economic needs and other factors, taking into account the normalised cost of a unit of energy obtained from renewable and non-renewable sources. The review used the research results of Russian and foreign scientists, including the authors of the study. The world energy system and the Russian energy system are considered in terms of the cost of energy by type of sources.