ГИПОКСИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ И ЕЕ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ОБМЕН ВЕЩЕСТВ

According to the World Health Organization, the number of overweight and obese children continues to increase, posing a serious threat to the public health system. Scientific studies indicate that malnutrition and intrauterine hypoxia can affect the mechanisms of neuroendocrine regulation in the fetus. Objective of the study. To study the main risk factors for the development of metabolic disorders in children who have experienced hypoxia. Materials and methods. The study involved 55 adolescents suffering from exogenous constitutional obesity combined with arterial hypertension. Participants were selected taking into account the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference exceeding the 97th percentile. Determination of the level of total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood serum was carried out by the enzymatic method, and the concentration of triglycerides was measured using the colorimetric method according to the modified Gottfried and Rosenberg method. Results of the study and their discussion. In the examined children, BMI exceeded the 97th percentile, averaging 31.27 ± 0.51 kg/m² (range, 23.5–47.2 kg/m²). In Group I, the mean BMI was 28.85 ± 0.52 kg/m² and in Group II, 35.37 ± 0.63 kg/m² (P<0.01). Lipid profile parameters showed significant deviations in obese patients. Triglyceride levels exceeded the norm in 29.4%, 30%, and 38.8% of children in Groups I, IIA, and IIB, respectively. Mean fasting glucose levels remained within the normal range (p<0.05), but insulin resistance was detected. The concentration of fasting and postprandial glycemia (p<0.05) was significantly higher than the values ​​in the control group and increased with the progression of obesity. Elevated fasting glucose levels were observed in 17.6%, 20%, and 27.7% of children in groups 1, 2a, and 2b, respectively. Similarly, an increase in postprandial glycemia was detected in 5.8%, 15%, and 22.2% of children. When studying LDL cholesterol fractions, its level was 3.04±0.23, 3.66±0.18, and 4.14±0.39 mmol/l. Elevated values ​​were noted in 29.4%, 35% and 44.4% of children. The studies revealed a decrease in the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in 17.6%, 25% and 22.2% of the examined children in groups 1, 2a and 2b, respectively. Conclusions. It was found that birth weight and body mass index in adolescence have an inverse correlation, which indicates the significance of low birth weight as a predictor of obesity and metabolic syndrome in the future. The results emphasize the importance of early detection and correction of risk factors, including weight control from the first days of life.