Frequency reconfigurable array-based hybrid antenna in the THz regime with high gain and quasi-isotropic radiation pattern features

This paper provides detailed insight into the silicon-graphene-based hybrid antenna in the THz regime. Some of its features make the proposed aerial design unique, and these features are: (a) creation of <i>H</i><i>E</i><i>M</i>11<i>δ</i> mode inside the ceramic and its placement on either side of the substrate provides quasi-isotropic radiation features; (b) array-based design provides higher gain, i.e., 9.0 dBi within the working range; and (c) coating of a graphene layer over silicon adds frequency-tunable features. Optimized outcomes were confirmed with the assistance of the CST simulation tool, which works between 2.4 and 2.85 THz. Stable radiation attributes and good efficacy (over 90%) make the designed aerial workable for THz-built mobile communication systems for short-distance communication with very high throughput requirements, such as holographic communications.