Forecasting the development of agricultural crops in a digital twin of plant cultivation

A method is proposed for calculating the output parameters of an agricultural crop in a digital twin of plant cultivation, considering weather conditions and environmental resource constraints. The method is based on a model of "tubes" of input and output parameters at different stages of plant growth and development - representing ideal, normal and critical value ranges for plant survival of the main environmental factors for each plant variety. The proposed calculation method links the input and output parameters of the current stage and carries the obtained results forward to the next stage, enabling the construction of a final piecewise linear plan for plant growth and development, as well as predicting yield and other plant characteristics. A system was developed to implement this method, and its application for calculations and modeling experiments is demonstrated. The obtained results are compared with field experiment data on winter wheat growth and development. An assessment of the identified discrepancies is given, the obtained results are discussed, conclusions are formulated and directions for further research and development are presented.