Neutrinos and Gamma Rays from Beta Decays in an Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 1068 Jet

We show that TeV neutrinos and high-energy gamma rays detected from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 can simultaneously be explained in a model based on the beta decays of neutrons produced in the photodisintegration of ^{4}He nuclei on ultraviolet photons in the jet. The photodisintegration of nuclei occurs at energies above several PeV, which explains the 1-100 TeV energies of the observed neutrinos. The TeV gamma-ray flux accompanying the beta decays is expected to be much lower than the neutrino flux, which agrees with the observations of NGC 1068 showing a gamma-ray deficit as compared to the expectations from proton-photon interactions. Furthermore, the synchrotron and inverse Compton gamma-ray flux associated with protons' Bethe-Heitler pair production and the photopion processes in the jet can be consistent with the observed gamma-ray flux at GeV energies for a plausible range of magnetic fields of jets. This scenario, combining beta decay and Bethe-Heitler, can be applied to other jet Seyfert galaxies such as NGC 4151. Future measurements of the neutrino flavor ratio can help confirm the beta-decay origin of the observed neutrinos.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical Review Letters
Published
2025-04-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.151005
Citations
5
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
9.35

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article

Neutrinos and Gamma Rays from Beta Decays in an Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 1068 Jet

Alexander Kusenko, Koichiro Yasuda, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Nobuyuki Sakai
5 citations
Physical Review Letters
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
9.35
article

Neutrinos and Gamma Rays from Beta Decays in an Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 1068 Jet

Alexander Kusenko, Koichiro Yasuda, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Nobuyuki Sakai
article en
5 citations

Abstract

We show that TeV neutrinos and high-energy gamma rays detected from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 can simultaneously be explained in a model based on the beta decays of neutrons produced in the photodisintegration of ^{4}He nuclei on ultraviolet photons in the jet. The photodisintegration of nuclei occurs at energies above several PeV, which explains the 1-100 TeV energies of the observed neutrinos. The TeV gamma-ray flux accompanying the beta decays is expected to be much lower than the neutrino flux, which agrees with the observations of NGC 1068 showing a gamma-ray deficit as compared to the expectations from proton-photon interactions. Furthermore, the synchrotron and inverse Compton gamma-ray flux associated with protons' Bethe-Heitler pair production and the photopion processes in the jet can be consistent with the observed gamma-ray flux at GeV energies for a plausible range of magnetic fields of jets. This scenario, combining beta decay and Bethe-Heitler, can be applied to other jet Seyfert galaxies such as NGC 4151. Future measurements of the neutrino flavor ratio can help confirm the beta-decay origin of the observed neutrinos.

Physical Review LettersVol. 134(15)
University of California, Los Angeles (US), Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (JP), The University of Osaka (JP)
U.S. Department of Energy, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
9.35
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Neutrinos and Gamma Rays from Beta Decays in an Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 1068 Jet — Alexander Kusenko, Koichiro Yasuda, et al. · Physical Review Letters (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS