Association between PM2.5 and PM10 with Acute Respiratory Infection in North and East Jakarta

The 2023 data showed that the highest daily average PM10 was recorded in DKI2 Kelapa Gading at 69 µg/m3. Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) prevalence was high in Koja, Cilincing, Tanjung Priok, and Kelapa Gading districts. This study analyzed the association of PM2.5 and PM10 to ARI incidence in Kelapa Gading, Koja, Tanjung Priok, Cilincing, Pulogadung, and Cakung. This analytical observational and spatial analysis study used particulate concentration data, sampled using Particle Counter HT-9600, meanwhile, ARI incidence data were taken from the sub-district health center. Particulate Matter sampled from all sub-districts, represented by one spot at 09.00-16.00 in each sub-district. Bivariate analysis used Spearman correlation and spatial autocorrelation. Kelapa Gading was the district that had the highest average particulate concentration. East Kelapa Gading and Pegangsaan Dua were the sub-districts with average particulate concentrations above the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. PM2.5 were associated with the incidence of ARI (p = 0.046), while PM10 were not associated with the incidence of ARI (p = 0.065). PM2.5 (Z = 2.640; p = 0.008; I = 0.215) and PM10 (Z = 2.684; p = 0.007; I = 0.219) had positive spatial autocorrelation and were cluster patterned, meaning that there were similar values in adjacent locations.