Preparation  of a nanoemulsion from clove oil extract containing phenol and studying its effect on a human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line

Breast cancer is one of the major health concerns worldwide. Approximately 2.26 million cases of this disease were reported globally in 2020, making it the most dangerous type of cancer. In previous studies, they linked ifosfamide with clove oil based on a nanoemulsion and studied its cytotoxicity. Our research is based on integrating a phenol compound characterized by its insolubility in water, which limits its biological uses, and is considered an antioxidant, with clove oil that contains a high percentage of antioxidants and eugenol. By combining the two in a nanoemulsion system, we successfully prepared it by confirming its composition using FTSEM, FTIR, and UV tests. From a biological perspective, biological surfaces can effectively absorb nanoemulsion droplets to achieve more efficient biological activities. We then calculated the encapsulation efficiency, which was very high. Subsequently, we prepared different concentrations of the nanoemulsion and used the MTT method to test its effect on human breast cancer cell lines and verified cytotoxicity and survival rates for each concentration. We extracted the IC50 value and found that the phenolic nanoemulsion of clove oil successfully killed cancer cells with an increase in concentration.