Basic Concepts and Materials used in Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy

Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy (UBE) is a minimally invasive spinal surgical technique that use two small incisions; one for an endoscope and another for surgical instruments. This approach allows surgeons to perform spinal procedures with enhanced precision, improved visualization, and reduced tissue disruption compared to open surgeries. The basic concept behind UBE is to access the spinal structures through a single side of the body, reducing muscle dissection with faster recovery times. Key materials used in UBE include specialized endoscopes, which provide high-definition, real-time visualization of the surgical site, and working instruments designed to perform decompression, disc removal, or nerve root release with minimal invasiveness. Endoscopes are typically rigid or flexible, with a small diameter, allowing for easy maneuverability through narrow spaces in the spinal canal. The surgical instruments used in UBE, such as forceps, shavers, and laser probes, are specifically designed for precision and to fit through small portals. Frequently we use common instruments, this is a important advantage of this technique. UBE permit access the spinal structures through the interlaminar space, with minimal trauma to surrounding tissues. The procedure’s minimally invasive nature offers benefits including reduced blood loss, decreased postoperative pain, and faster recovery times. However, the technique requires advanced training and skill, as well as familiarity with the equipment and anatomy. This abstract explores the basic principles and materials integral to UBE, highlighting its clinical applications and its growing role in modern spinal surgery.