Design and Development of an IoT Based Smart Irrigation System in Agriculture Fields

The project presents the design and implementation of a cost-effective IoT-based smart irrigation system aimed at enhancing agricultural efficiency through automation and remote monitoring. Utilizing an ESP32/NodeMCU microcontroller as the core unit, the system integrates a capacitive soil moisture sensor, DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, relay module, and water pump or solenoid valve to automate irrigation based on real-time soil moisture readings. An LCD display and GSM module provide on-site monitoring and SMS alerts to keep farmers informed of environmental conditions and system status. The hardware and software components were carefully chosen to maintain low cost while ensuring reliable performance. Field testing under various environmental conditions demonstrated consistent sensor accuracy, effective pump control, and significant water conservation. The system, developed at an approximate cost of ₹2,970, proved suitable for small to medium-scale farms, especially in rural areas. Its successful operation confirms the potential of IoT in promoting sustainable farming, optimizing resource utilization, and improving overall crop management, establishing a scalable foundation for future smart agriculture innovations.