Multi-sectoral impacts of the 2023 disasters in Himachal Pradesh and mitigation plans

The Himalayan region, renowned for its magnificent beauty and ecological significance, has been severely impacted by disasters, with Himachal Pradesh emerging as one of the most affected states. In 2023, it was particularly impacted with heavy monsoon rains in three spells, leading to extensive flooding and landslides. The first spell took place on 7–11 July, while the second took place on 11–14 August, and the final spell occurred on 21–23 August. Due to intensive and heavy rainfall, Himachal Pradesh experienced numerous disasters, including flash floods, landslides, cloudbursts, and landslips. Himachal Pradesh suffered losses of approximately 12 000 crore rupees and over 500 lives, as stated by the state government, due to these calamities. A mixed method research approach (quantitative and qualitative research) was utilised using existing reports for present research. The main aim of this research paper is to emphasise the comprehensive analysis of disasters, encompassing various sectors such as housing, education, health, road and transportation, water and sanitation, power, agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, and fisheries. Mitigation measures for each sector are also discussed subsequently. This paper also highlights the urgent need for specific coordinated efforts at multiple levels to safeguard the Himalayan ecosystem.