From Pregnancy to Postpartum: The Cardiovascular Risks Associated with Gestational Diabetes

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of pregnancy-related mortality, with pregnancy-related cardiovascular issues extending into the postpartum period. Recent studies suggest hyperandrogenism alters sex hormone levels, contributing to gestational cardiovascular disease CVD. Most of the factors behind the onset of CVD in postpartum women remain unknown. Animal studies mimic adverse pregnancy outcomes to explore molecular causes of severe prenatal cardiac events and their role in postpartum cardiovascular disease development. This review will be focused on summarising human and animal research that shows how undesirable pregnancy outcomes, such as obesity in the mother and gestational diabetes (GD), have an impact on postpartum cardiovascular disease and prenatal cardiometabolic dysfunction. We will highlight the adverse effects of gestational hyperandrogenism as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular dysfunction in pregnant women and new mothers. Investigative cardiovascular (CV) risk variables in the early postpartum phase following pregnancy that were impacted by GD was the aim of this study. Current research strongly implies that women with GDM have a higher risk of developing CVD. Finding appropriate, reliable indicators of CVD and specific treatment modalities that can control obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are critical to reducing the burden of CVD on impacted women. GD and hypertensive disorders are two pregnancy- related illnesses that raise the risk of CVD in the long run. Despite a lack of awareness, early screening, lifelong monitoring, and continuous research to enhance detection and prevention are essential.