Optimization of the skid roads network

Optimization of the skid roads network is a critical aspect of planning forest harvesting operations, as timber transport (including extraction and long-distance road transport) represents the most expensive stage of timber production. This task entails a well-structured spatial distribution of skid roads, essential for timber extraction using tractors, skidders, forwarders, or animal assistance. A high-quality spatial distribution of skid roads enables efficient timber utilization. The primary indicator of the spatial distribution of skid roads is relative forest accessibility, with optimization efforts aimed at increasing this indicator within compartments above 90%. Achieving such optimization level relies on employing spatial and statistical analysis techniques on vector and raster data concerning terrain stand conditions, and the current state of secondary forest road infrastructure, facilitated by GIS tools. These methods allow for precise evaluation and planning enhancing both efficiency and cost-effectiveness in timber transport. The research results show a significant increase in the total length of tractor roads, from 3,311.15 m to 4,152.15 m, with a corresponding density increase from 84.55 to 106.33 m/ha based on forest compartment area of 39.16.ha. The average skidding distance ranges from 95 m to 111 m for the existing and upgraded skid road networks. The relative forest accessibility is 81% for the existing skid roads network, while for the upgraded skid roads network is around 97%. The primary goal of the research is achieved.