Eco‐Sustainable Use of Industrial Wastes as Cement‐Partial Alternate in Concrete Composition

This study explores an innovative approach to enhancing the eco‐sustainability of concrete by incorporating industrial byproducts—cement kiln dust (CKD), silica fume (SF), steel slag (SS), and coal ash (CA)—as partial cement replacements. Unlike conventional studies that focus on single waste materials, this research uniquely evaluates the combined effects of multiple industrial byproducts on concrete strength, durability, and chemical composition. SF and SS were selected due to their pozzolanic properties, availability, and potential to enhance mechanical performance. Concrete specimens with varying substitution ratios were examined in the laboratories of the Civil Engineering Department, Al‐Azhar University, Qena. The assessment involved slump tests (ASTM C143) to evaluate workability and compressive strength tests conducted at 7 and 28 days to investigate early age and long‐term mechanical performance. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was conducted to determine the oxide composition and its impact on durability. Results indicate that while higher CKD, SS, or SF levels generally reduce concrete strength and durability, CA enhances strength up to 5% substitution. CKD improves compressive and tensile strength at optimal ratios, while SF increases strength up to 15%. A combined SS and CA substitution (10%‐15%) shows minimal impact on strength. XRF analysis reveals that CKD raises SO 3 , Cl, K 2 O, and MgO concentrations, while SF and CA have little effect on Cl levels up to 15%. SS reduces Cl oxide content with increased dosage. This study provides novel insights into optimizing multi‐material substitutions for sustainable concrete, offering a pathway toward greener construction practices. Future research should explore long‐term durability and environmental implications of these substitutions.