Criticism of Capitalism in the Perspective of Adorno’s Non-Identity Philosophy

作为20世纪西方马克思主义中最为激进文化批判理论之一，阿多诺关于辩证法否定性的阐述对于破除资本主义的同一性原则，重新激活辩证法的革命潜能起到了至关重要的作用。阿多诺从绝对的否定性出发，坚决地拒斥任何的本体学、第一性的始基以及体系哲学。在绝对否定的辩证法视域中，我们生活的世界既不能以一个简单的同一物或是通过思辨抽象所得的头脑里的物或精神为本源，而是许许多多异质的，平等的“多”，世界本身的多样性拒绝被统摄一切的概念单一地把握。同样，作为改造世界的主体的人也不是能被理性同一性和总体化的原则异化为无足轻重的简单存在物，而是独一无二、无比丰富的存在。As one of the most radical cultural criticism theories in Western Marxism of the 20th century, Adorno’s exposition on the negation of dialectics played a crucial role in breaking the principle of capitalist identity and reactivating the revolutionary potential of dialectics. Starting from absolute negation, Adorno firmly rejects any ontology, primacy, and systematic philosophy. In the dialectical perspective of absolute negation, the world we live in cannot be based on a simple same thing or the mind’s object or spirit obtained through speculation and abstraction, but on many heterogeneous, equal, and diverse concepts that refuse to govern everything. Similarly, as the subject of transforming the world, people are not insignificant and simple entities that can be alienated by the principles of rational identity and totality, but rather unique and immensely rich entities.