Qualitative phytochemical analysis of methanol crude extract of Detarium microcarpum leaves

The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens and limited access to conventional medicine have underscored the need for alternative therapeutic agents derived from natural sources. Detarium microcarpum, commonly known as the tallow tree, is widely used in traditional medicine across West and Central Africa. This study presents a qualitative phytochemical analysis of the methanol crude extract of D. microcarpum leaves (MEL) to identify its bioactive compounds. Macroscopical evaluation revealed that the leaves are green, ovate, odourless, tasteless, with a glossy surface and a rounded base. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of key secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams, volatile oils, and glycosides. These bioactive constituents support the traditional medicinal applications of D. microcarpum and highlight its potential for pharmaceutical development. The findings lay a scientific foundation for further pharmacological studies, standardization, and drug formulation to explore its full therapeutic potential.