Design, Optimization, and Electromagnetic Analysis of Axial Flux PM BLDC Motors for Electric Vehicle Applications

The demand for high-performance electric vehicle (EV) propulsion systems has led to the development of advanced motor technologies. This study focuses on the design, optimization, and electromagnetic analysis of axial flux permanent magnet brushless DC (AFPM BLDC) motors, tailored for EV applications requiring high torque. To achieve superior performance, we employ a geometry optimization approach using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. The optimization process targets critical design parameters, including the stator teeth width, permanent magnet (PM) width, and the angles between adjacent and non-adjacent teeth, to maximize torque output while maintaining efficiency and compactness. Electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) validates the optimized design, demonstrating significant torque improvement over baseline configurations. Results highlight the capability of the optimized AFPM BLDC motor to meet the high torque demands of EVs in applications such as towing, off-road performance, and rapid acceleration. The proposed approach not only enhances motor performance but also contributes to the development of more efficient and versatile propulsion systems for next-generation EVs.