Small-Signal Stability Enhancement Through Integration of Distributed Grid-Forming Loads Considering Multi-Agent Collaboration

The integration of distributed controllable loads in future islanding microgrids (MGs) is growing. This creates new opportunities to actively shape grid frequency and voltage. As a result, it leads to the development of distributed grid-forming loads (DGFM-Ls). Simultaneously, it is equally crucial to ensure robustness, particularly in preserving small-signal stability amid the multi-agent collaboration. This paper presents a strategy for the small-signal stability enhancement in islanding MGs with DGFM-Ls. The small-signal models of the MG with DGFMLs are mathematically developed and analyzed. The multi-agent cooperation is modelled to improve the small-signal stability of the MG with DGFM-Ls. Additionally, uncertainties from multi-agent cooperation, such as partial or complete lack of measured signal observability, are considered. Data quality issues are also taken into account under various conditions. Simulation results are conducted in a MG with a significant penetration of inverter-based resources under various MG operating points and conditions such as topology changes and unavailability of certain agents.