Chisholm, Wittgenstein, and Haller on the Meaning of “I” and on Knowledge De Se

Abstract In this article, I discuss Rudolf Haller’s views on the meaning of “I”, and knowledge de se . Haller’s conception was informed and inspired to a large extent by Chisholm and Wittgenstein. This is problematic since, it seems, they held contrary views regarding the meaning of “I”, self-identification, and knowledge of one’s own experiences. To overcome this problem, I put forth a “praxeological foundationalist” suggestion that may enable one to reconcile Chisholmian foundationalism with Wittgenstein’s constraint that knowledge requires the possibility of error, in a Hallerian spirit, drawing on Wittgenstein’s last views on certainty and self-knowledge.