Impact Assessment of Floating Photovoltaic Systems on the Water Quality of Kremasta Lake, Greece

Floating photovoltaic systems (FPV) are one of the emerging technologies that are able to support the “green” energy transition. In Greece, the environmental impact assessment of such projects is still under early development. The scope of the present study was to provide insights into the potential impacts of a small-scale FPV system on the water quality of the oligotrophic Kremasta Lake, an artificial reservoir. For this reason, a hydrodynamic and water quality model was employed. The results showed that the water quality parameter variations were insignificant and limited only in the immediate area of the FPV construction and gradually disappeared toward the shoreline. Likewise, this variation was restricted to the first few meters of depth of the water column and was eliminated onwards. The water temperature slightly decreased only in the area of close proximity to the installation. Average annual dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, and nutrient concentrations were predicted not to change considerably after the panels’ construction. FPV systems can provide an attractive alternative for energy production in artificial reservoirs, especially in regions of land use conflicts that are associated with land allocation for alternative energy development. Given the limited data on the long-term impact of such projects, robust monitoring programs are essential. These initiatives rely on public support, making collaboration between stakeholders and the local community crucial.