Renal Cell Carcinoma, Pattern of Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes. Experience of East Oncology Center, SUDAN

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney, with a rising global incidence. The epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management outcomes of RCC vary across different regions, especially in low-resource settings. This study aims to analyze the demographic patterns, clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of RCC patients at East Oncology Center (EOC) in Sudan. A retrospective study was conducted at East Oncology Center, Sudan, including all patients diagnosed with RCC between 2013 and 2024. Data were collected from hospital records, covering demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnostic workup, treatment modalities, and outcomes. A total of 71 patients were included, with a mean age of 57 years (range: 18–100 years). Males constituted 54.9%. The most common presenting symptoms were flank pain (93%), hematuria (33%). Clear cell carcinoma was the predominant histological subtype (52.1%), with more than 70% of patients diagnosed at a locally advanced or metastatic stage. Surgical treatment was performed in 70.4% of cases. The median follow-up period was 23.3 months, with an overall survival rate of 33.8%. This study provides insights into the epidemiology and management of RCC in a low-resource setting. A high proportion of patients presented with advanced-stage disease, highlighting the need for early detection strategies. Further research and resource optimization are required to improve RCC outcomes in Sudan.