Floating offshore wind power: Global development, key technologies and future trends

Floating offshore wind power, as an emerging renewable energy technology, has demonstrated significant development potential and market prospects in the context of global energy transition. Since the installation of the first floating offshore wind turbine in Norway in 2009, the industry has entered a new era of floating offshore wind power. Europe, East Asia, and the United States are at the forefront of technological research, development, and project implementation in this field. As of 2023, the global floating offshore wind power industry remains in its nascent stages, with an operational capacity of approximately 270 MW. Starting from 2026, floating offshore wind power is projected to enter a commercial phase, with annual new installed capacity expected to reach the gigawatt level. Key design considerations for floating offshore wind power include the selection of floating foundation platforms, mooring system design, dynamic cable design, and integrated analysis of floating offshore wind power systems. Looking ahead, through the application of advanced materials and innovative processes, high-precision fully coupled simulation and optimization, intelligent and digital twin technologies, and cross-industry integration with other marine sectors, floating offshore wind power will transition from the experimental stage to large-scale commercial deployment, significantly contributing to the green transformation of the global energy structure.