Research on the Mechanisms of Violet Light Influencing Choroidal Thickness and Choroidal Blood Perfusion to Inhibit Myopia and New Strategies for Myopia Prevention and Control

近视是常见的全球公共性卫生问题，影响了全世界近三分之一的人，已成为全球第六大致盲原因。儿童青少年近视的发生发展是遗传和环境多因素综合作用的结果，仅遗传因素已不能解释儿童青少年近视高发以及进展快的特点，且遗传因素目前仍无法加以干预以延缓近视进展。户外活动的减少是目前已知最主要的环境危险因素之一，而户外活动对近视的保护与光线水平，光的光谱组成有关。其机制涉及强光刺激视网膜多巴胺释放及动态光谱的综合效应，其中紫光(360~400 nm)展现出独特的抑制作用。最新研究表明，紫光通过激活视网膜OPN5光感受器，上调EGR-1基因表达，刺激多巴胺释放，不仅能抑制实验动物近视模型眼轴增长，在临床随机对照试验中可使儿童眼轴增长率降低21.4%，并显著增厚脉络膜。这提示紫光可能通过影响脉络膜厚度及血流动态平衡，为开发非侵入性近视防控手段提供新方向。Myopia, a prevalent global public health issue, affects nearly one-third of the world’s population and has become the sixth leading cause of blindness worldwide. The development of myopia in children and adolescents results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors alone cannot explain the high prevalence or rapid progression of myopia in this population, and they remain non-modifiable for delaying disease progression. Reduced outdoor activity is one of the most well-documented environmental risk factors, with the protective effect of outdoor exposure linked to light intensity and spectral composition. The underlying mechanisms involve the synergistic effects of bright light-induced retinal dopamine release and dynamic light spectra. Notably, violet light (360~400 nm) exhibits unique inhibitory properties. Recent studies demonstrate that violet light activates retinal OPN5 photoreceptors, upregulates EGR-1 gene expression, and stimulates dopamine release. This pathway not only suppresses axial length growth in experimental animal models but also reduces axial length growth rate by 21.4% in clinical randomized controlled trials among children, accompanied by significant choroidal thickening. These findings suggest that violet light may influence choroidal thickness and blood perfusion balance, offering a novel direction for developing non-invasive strategies for myopia prevention and control.