A SIQRS epidemic model incorporating psychological factors for COVID-19

Since the initiation of the highest-level public health emergency response in Jilin Province, China, on January 25, 2020, awareness of COVID-19 has remained high. However, in March 2022, an outbreak of COVID-19, attributed to imported cases, occurred in Changchun, China. Considering the psychological impact of COVID-19 on humans, we developed a SIQRS epidemic model. Dynamic analyses were conducted on both deterministic and corresponding stochastic models. By employing non-linear least squares to fit COVID-19 data, we analyzed the influence of psychological factors on the disease?s spread. Our aim was to explore effective prevention and control measures for COVID-19, taking into account the psychological dimension of the pandemic.