The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Development of Colorectal Cancer (CRC)

In recent years, CRC has gradually become one of the most common and deadliest types of cancer worldwide. Numerous studies in modern biology have explored the gut microbiota, revealing an inseparable relationship between microbial composition and CRC development. Currently, multiple articles suggest that microbial products can help promote or inhibit the formation of tumor microenvironment, while different dietary can help reshape the distribution of gut microbiota. This retrospective article aims to summarize previous experimental findings on how gut microbiota and dietary affect tumor progression through microbial products and propose possible future research directions as well. Short chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids mainly used to regulate the tumor microenvironment and has been widely studied. Additionally, research indicates that high protein and high dietary fiber diet with Omega-3 fatty acids contributes to the formation of SCFAs, thus reduced intestinal inflammatory response and reduces the risk of CRC induction.