Low‐Cost 3D‐Printed Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope
<b>Background:</b> Currently available binocular indirect ophthalmoscopes (BIOs) are large and expensive. We sought to create a compact, low-cost 3D-printed BIO. <b>Methods:</b> The BIO was made with off-the-shelf electronics and optical components, computer-aided design (CAD), and a consumer-grade 3D printer. Ocular light safety was tested with a spectrometer. <b>Results:</b> The component cost of the 3D-printed BIO was $182.26. The wireless, spectacle-style BIO weighed 120 g and was more compact than commercially available BIO's, with the advantage of a battery incorporated into the frame. The BIO met the International Organization for Standardization's standards for indirect ophthalmoscopes, as well as the American National Standards Institute's Group 1 light hazard protection standards for ophthalmic instruments. <b>Conclusions:</b> It is possible to produce a high-quality, low-cost BIO using CAD and 3D printing. Such a BIO may be useful in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings.
Authors
- Charles Campbell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-6954)
- B Hwang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3102-5360)
- Bailey Shen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6301-1741)
- W Young
Institutions
- Loma Linda University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Ophthalmology
- Published
- 2025-01-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/5638606
- Primary Topic
- Intraocular Surgery and Lenses
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Loma Linda University