Typical Imaging of Emphysematous Cystitis: Illustrative Case Report

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare disease characterized by primary infection of the urinary bladder with gas-producing pathogens. We report the case of a patient admitted to the Ibnou Roch emergency department for 2 weeks of abrupt onset of low back pain, with an elevated infectious workup. Abdomino-pelvic CT revealed a typical case of emphysematous cystitis. The exact mechanism contributing to the formation of gas in such cases is unknown. Various theories have been suggested, including fermentation of glucose in urine, with emphasis on disequilibrium between gas formation and clearance. Emphysematous cystitis has a highly variable presentation and course, with a considerable potential for complications. Further diagnostic imaging is highly recommended in diabetic patients with urinary tract infection who present with abdominal pain and hematuria. Knowledge of this rare entity may lead to early diagnosis and appropriate management.