Secretome Release During In Vitro Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Induced by Bio-Oss® Collagen Material

Bone diseases represent a growing healthcare challenge due to population aging and lifestyle changes. Although bone has a natural regenerative capacity, approximately 10% of fractures fail to heal properly, requiring advanced therapeutic approaches. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has advanced the use of osteoinductive and osteoconductive biomaterials to support bone regeneration. Among them, Bio-Oss^® Collagen, a composite of bovine hydroxyapatite and collagen, has shown excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity properties. This study analyzes the effect of Bio-Oss^® Collagen on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), assessing its osteoinductive and immunomodulatory potential. After 7 days of culture, the biomaterial modulated the expression of key genes involved in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, which are known for their role in bone formation and maturation. At the same time, a downregulation of genes associated with bone resorption was observed. Secretome analysis revealed a controlled release of pro-regenerative cytokines, suggesting a role of the biomaterial in modulating inflammation to promote bone regeneration. Furthermore, immunofluorescence confirmed the high expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin, which are key markers of bone mineralization. These findings indicate that Bio-Oss^® Collagen supports osteogenesis and modulates the immune response, creating a microenvironment favorable for bone regeneration.