Ethnopharmacological Insights and Therapeutic Potential of Ficus infectoria

Ficus infectoria (commonly known as Paakar) is a medicinal plant native to India and holds a significant place in traditional systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. Its therapeutic applications are deeply rooted in ethnomedicine, where various parts of the plant, such as leaves, bark, roots, and fruits, are used to treat ailments such as diarrhea, ulcers, skin disorders, and diabetes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethnopharmacological significance, phytochemical composition, and therapeutic potential of Ficus infectoria. The plant is known to possess a wide array of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and terpenoids, which contribute to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities. Modern pharmacological studies have validated many of its traditional uses, while also uncovering new avenues for therapeutic applications. Furthermore, its role in promoting sustainable healthcare and its potential for drug development are discussed. This article also identifies research gaps and highlights the need for advanced studies, such as clinical trials and mechanism-based investigations, to further explore the medicinal value of Ficus infectoria. By bridging the knowledge between traditional and modern medicine, this review aims to provide a foundation for future research and encourage the integration of this indigenous plant into mainstream therapeutic practices.