Electroplating of Ni-W coating on Zn surface for durable Zn ion batteries

Aim: Aqueous zinc (Zn)-ion batteries have gained recognition as a promising energy storage solution due to their abundant zinc resources, cost-effectiveness, high energy density, and inherent safety. However, their practical application is significantly limited by issues such as dendrite formation and parasitic side reactions, which undermine the stability, efficiency, and longevity of Zn anodes. Methods: In this study, we present a novel approach by introducing a nanocrystalline nickel-tungsten (Ni-W) coating onto Zn anodes via electrodeposition. This coating acts as a functional interface, regulating Zn dissolution and deposition, suppressing dendrite growth, and minimizing side reactions. Additionally, W enhances Zn2+ ion adsorption, reduces nucleation energy barriers, and promotes uniform Zn growth along the Zn (002) crystallographic plane. Results: The compact morphology of the Ni-W layer further serves as a protective barrier, improving electrode stability during extended cycling. The Ni-0.1W@Zn anode demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance, achieving over 2,000 h of stable operation at 1 mA cm-2 with a Coulombic efficiency of 98%. In full cell configurations paired with Ni-0.1W@Zn||V2O5, the system retains 81% of its capacity after 1,500 cycles at 1 A g-1. Conclusion: These findings highlight the transformative potential of the Ni-W coating as a scalable and sustainable solution to address the fundamental limitations of Zn anodes, paving the way for advanced and durable energy storage technologies critical to renewable energy systems.