Liposomes as Delivery Vectors for Proteins and Peptides: Advancements and Challenges

Liposomal drug delivery systems (LDDS) represent a promising approach for delivery of proteins and peptides, as these systems protect the sensitive biomolecules from degradation, provide controlled release, and improve their bioavailability. Liposome can be prepared by various methods such as thin film hydration method, extrusion, reverse phase evaporation, sonication, microfluidic technology, dehydration and rehydration method, co-extrusion with lipid and protein solution, electrostatic method etc. Various novel excipients play a crucial role for the formulation of liposomes containing protein and peptides. Characterization of the formulated liposomal formulation is important aspect and various parameters such as stability, zeta potential, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, morphology assessment etc. are assessed for assuring the quality. There are various therapeutic purposes of liposomes such as cancer therapy, enzyme replacement therapy, vaccine and immunotherapy, hormone and peptide therapy and gene therapy. Modern pharmaceutics have experienced various advances in the delivery of protein and peptides through liposomal formulation creating potential opportunities for protein and peptide scientist in future.