Advancements and Development Trend of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Collapse Risk Warning and Prevention Technology

近年来，随着我国基础设施建设的快速发展，隧道工程建设规模不断扩大，这对确保隧道围岩稳定性和安全施工提出了重大挑战。本文系统梳理了隧道安全施工中3个关键环节的研究进展，包括风险评估、监测预警及防控技术。首先对目前常用的塌方风险评估方法进行了汇总，分析了定性、定量和混合评估方法的优缺点；其次对现场监测和理论计算两种预警技术进行了介绍；最后，阐述了隧道工程塌方防控技术与智能支护方法的应用。通过对这些关键技术的系统分析，提出了未来可能的发展趋势。研究成果在预防和管理隧道塌方事故方面具有重大现实意义。In recent years, China’s expanding infrastructure development has led to increasingly extensive tunnel construction projects, presenting significant challenges in maintaining the stability and safety of tunnel surrounding rock structures. This paper provides a systematic review of the research advancements in three critical aspects of safety construction within tunnel engineering: risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, and prevention and control technology. Initially, it delineates the primary methodologies employed in collapse risk assessment, offering a comparative analysis of the strengths and limitations inherent in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method approaches. Subsequently, the paper explores two types of early warning techniques, namely on-site monitoring and theoretical calculation. Lastly, it examines the technologies for preventing and controlling tunnel collapse, including the application of intelligent support methods. Through systematic analysis of these key technological aspects, this research identifies potential future developments in the field. The research findings offer practical value for preventing and managing tunnel collapse accidents.