Executive function at baseline and follow-up in opioid maintenance patients and its relation to psychiatric comorbidity and substance use patterns

Executive function impairment is common in patients starting OMT, with specific functions more affected. The varied results of correlations between psychiatric comorbidity, substance use, and executive function indicate patient heterogeneity. While some executive functions show slight improvement over time, complex functions appear resistant to change, suggesting lasting damage which may influence treatment outcomes. Overall, patient variability in executive function highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches in OMT.