Abstract P3051: Longitudinal trends in glucose and hearing loss in midlife: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Introduction: Hearing loss (HL) is a common condition that often goes undetected until the deficits are pronounced. Diabetes may affect the vasculature and neural system of the inner ear, damaging both the auditory nerve and the vestibular systems, leading to HL. Less is known about how hyperglycemia over prolonged periods of time from young adulthood is associated with HL in midlife. Hypothesis: Young adults who experience early increases in fasting glucose levels will experience greater odds of future HL compared to those whose glucose levels either stay stable or increase later in life. Methods: CARDIA participants had hearing assessed at the Year 35 exam (Y35, 2020-2022, ages 53-70 years) using an automated method for testing auditory sensitivity to obtain pure-tone air-conduction thresholds. HL was defined as a sound detection threshold >25 dB in the better ear at high frequencies (4000-8000 Hz). Fasting serum glucose was measured by standardized methods starting at baseline (1985-1986). Fasting glucose trajectories were created using PROC TRAJ (SAS) for 1921 participants with complete hearing and covariate data. Results: Mean glucose at Y0 was 81.9 mg/dL and 107.7 mg/dL at Y35. The sample was 57.4% women and 44.1% Black; 61.3% had normal hearing, 21.6% had mild HL and more severe HL was rare. Three distinct trajectories were identified: glucose remained low; glucose increased early; and glucose increased later (Figure). Compared to the remained low group, those whose glucose increased in early adulthood had 93% higher odds of high frequency HL. Those whose glucose increased later in adulthood had 14% higher odds of HL that did not reach statistical significance. Odds ratios were unchanged after adjustment for age, race, sex, education, smoking, drinking, physical activity and obesity. Conclusions: Prolonged exposure to elevated glucose was associated with mild high-frequency HL in midlife in a population-based cohort without severe HL, providing additional motivation to manage hyperglycemia.