Carbon capture and storage techniques for CO2 reduction from energy sector

Abstract. With the growing global population comes an ever-increasing need for energy. The current global energy supply is still being satisfied primarily by fossil fuels. The worldwide combustion of fossil fuels has released huge amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), into the atmosphere. To keep global mean temperature rise below 1.5°C, GHG emissions must be minimized and become net zero by 2050. One of the best methods of reducing GHG emissions is by capturing CO2 using carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology from industries and power plants. Three commonly utilized CCS processes are absorption, adsorption, and membrane techniques. Absorption is the most established technique, but suffers from degradation of equipment due to corrosive absorbents and costly absorbent regeneration. Meanwhile, adsorption does not perform well in large-scale applications because the adsorbents have relatively lesser capacity and capability to seperate CO2 than absorption technique. Compared to absorption and adsorption, membrane technique requires lower energy to operate, but becomes inefficient with low partial pressures of CO2. In this review, the mechanisms of CO2 capture using absorption, adsorption, and membrane techniques as well as their pros and cons are discussed in detail.