Nuclear fusion: Future clean energy source

Abstract. Nuclear fusion is an alternative technology for low-carbon energy generation that able to create a greener economy and energy grid on a large scale. It also offers a pathway to resolve energy security and unequal distribution of energy resources since seawater is its ultimate fuel source. Development and testing of new materials and technologies are unceasing to achieve net fusion energy through national and international collaboration as well as private partnerships. The ever-growing number of research works reported various designs and magnet-based fusion devices, such as stellarators, lasers, and tokamaks. This article provides an overview on the utilization of nuclear energy as a clean energy source, as well as the strategies and progress towards establishing successful commercial fusion energy to the grid and transition to a reliable clean energy source. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) has been an international reference program for fusion energy development and most developed countries with nuclear development capacity are aiming to complete their in-house fusion energy facilities in parallel to ITER.