Hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of a National Hospital of Paraguay

Summary Background Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of HAP in critically ill patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 160 ICU patients. Clinical data, microbiological profiles, and outcomes were analyzed. Statistical associations were assessed using chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results HAP prevalence was 52.5% (84/160), significantly higher than previous reports ( p < 0.05). The most common pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii (57.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%). Risk factors included chronic hypertension ( p < 0.05), chronic kidney disease ( p < 0.05), and mechanical ventilation (94% of cases, p < 0.05). HAP was associated with prolonged ICU stays (17.7 days) and increased mortality (72.6%, p < 0.05 ). Conclusion HAP remains a significant burden in ICUs, with high prevalence, severe outcomes, and strong associations with mechanical ventilation and comorbidities.